Organic light-emitting device and method of manufacturing the same

ABSTRACT

An organic light-emitting device includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and an organic layer between the first and second electrodes and including an emission layer, wherein the emission layer comprises a first host represented by Formula 1 and a second host represented by Formula 2:

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims priority to and the benefit of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2014-0072298, filed on Jun. 13, 2014, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND

1. Field

Aspects of embodiments of the present invention relate to an organic light-emitting device and a method of manufacturing the same.

2. Description of the Related Art

Organic light-emitting devices are self-emission devices that have wide viewing angles, high contrast ratios, short response times, and excellent brightness, driving voltage, and response speed characteristics, as well abilities to produce full-color images.

An organic light-emitting device may include a first electrode on a substrate, and a hole transport region, an emission layer, an electron transport region, and a second electrode, which are sequentially positioned on the first electrode. Holes from the first electrode may move toward the emission layer through the hole transport region, and electrons from the second electrode may move toward the emission layer through the electron transport region. Carriers (i.e. holes and electrons), can be recombined in the emission layer to produce excitons. When these excitons drop from an excited state to a ground state, light is generated.

SUMMARY

One or more aspects of embodiments of the present invention are directed an organic light-emitting device and a method of manufacturing the same.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, an organic light-emitting device includes a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode, and an organic layer between the first electrode and the second electrode and including an emission layer, wherein the emission layer includes a first host represented by Formula 1 and a second host represented by Formula 2:

In Formulae 1 and 2,

Y₁₁ is selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group;

Y₁₂ is selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group;

L₂ is selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group;

b2 is selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6;

R₂₁ and R₂₂ are each independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group;

R₁₁ to R₁₄, R₂₃, and R₂₄ are each independently selected from a hydrogen, a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group;

a11, a14, a23, and a24 are each independently 1, 2, 3, and 4;

a12 and a13 are each independently selected from 1, 2, and 3;

at least one substituent of the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, substituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, substituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenylene group, substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, substituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group, substituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, substituted divalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group, substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, substituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group may be selected from:

a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, and —Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃);

a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group;

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group; and

C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group;

Q₁ to Q₃ are each independently selected from a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group.

In one embodiment, a method of manufacturing an organic light-emitting device includes forming a first electrode; froming an emission layer; and forming a second electrode.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

These and/or other aspects will become apparent and more readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic light-emitting device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 illustrates a graph of brightness with respect to efficiency of an organic light-emitting device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Reference will now be made in more detail to embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout. In this regard, the present embodiments may have different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the descriptions set forth herein. Accordingly, the embodiments are merely described below, by referring to the figures, to explain aspects of the present description. Expressions such as “at least one of,” when preceding a list of elements, modify the entire list of elements and do not modify the individual elements of the list. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. Further, the use of “may” when describing embodiments of the present invention refers to “one or more embodiments of the present invention.”

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an organic light-emitting device 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The organic light-emitting device 10 includes a first electrode 110, an organic layer 150, and a second electrode 190.

Hereinafter, the structure of an organic light-emitting device and a method of manufacturing thereof, according to an embodiment of the present invention, will be described in connection with FIG. 1.

In FIG. 1, a substrate may be additionally positioned under the first electrode 110 or above the second electrode 190. The substrate may be a glass substrate and/or a transparent plastic substrate. The substrate should have good mechanical strength, thermal stability, transparency, surface smoothness, ease of handling, and water repellency.

The first electrode 110 may be formed by depositing or sputtering a material for forming the first electrode on the substrate. When the first electrode 110 is an anode, the material for the first electrode 110 may be selected from materials with a high work function, in order for the holes to be easily injected. The first electrode 110 may be a reflective electrode, a transmissive electrode, or a semi-transmissive electrode. The material for the first electrode 110 may be a transparent and highly conductive material, and non-limiting examples thereof include indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), tin oxide (SnO₂), and zinc oxide (ZnO). In addition, when the first electrode 110 is a semi-transmissive electrode or a reflective electrode, as a material for forming the first electrode, at least one of magnesium (Mg), aluminum(AI), aluminum-lithium (Al—Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg—In), and magnesium-silver (Mg—Ag) may be used (utilized).

The first electrode 110 may have a single-layer structure, or a multi-layer structure including two or more layers. For example, the first electrode 110 may have a three-layered structure of ITO/Ag/ITO, but the structure of the first electrode 110 is not limited thereto.

In one embodiment, an organic layer 150 is positioned on the first electrode 110. The organic layer 150 may include an emission layer.

The organic layer 150 may further include a hole transport region between the first electrode and the emission layer, and an electron transport region between the emission layer and the second electrode.

The hole transport region may include at least one selected from a hole injection layer (HIL), a hole transport layer (HTL), a buffer layer, and an electron blocking layer (EBL), and the electron transport region may include at least one selected from a hole blocking layer (HBL), an electron transport layer (ETL), and an electron injection layer (EIL), but the hole transport region and the electron transport region are not limited thereto.

The hole transport region may have a single-layered structure formed of a single material, a single-layered structure formed of a plurality of different materials, or a multi-layered structure having a plurality of layers formed of a plurality of different materials.

For example, the hole transport region may have a single-layered structure formed of a plurality of different materials, or a structure of hole injection layer/hole transport layer, a structure of hole injection layer/hole transport layer/buffer layer, a structure of hole injection layer/buffer layer, a structure of hole transport layer/buffer layer, or a structure of hole injection layer/hole transport layer/electron blocking layer, the layers of each structure being sequentially stacked on the first electrode 110 in the stated order, but the structure of the hole transport region is not limited thereto.

When the hole transport region includes a hole injection layer, the hole injection layer may be formed on the first electrode 110 by various methods, such as, for example, vacuum deposition, spin coating casting, a Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) method, ink-jet printing, laser-printing, or laser-induced thermal imaging.

When the hole injection layer is formed by vacuum deposition, the vacuum deposition may be performed at a deposition temperature of about 100 to about 500° C., at a vacuum degree of about 10⁻⁸ to about 10⁻³ torr, and at a deposition rate of about 0.01 to about 100 Å/sec, depending on the compound for forming the hole injection layer, and the structure of the hole injection layer to be formed.

When the hole injection layer is formed by spin coating, the spin coating may be performed at a coating rate of about 2000 rpm to about 5000 rpm, and at a temperature of about 80° C. to 200° C., depending on the compound for forming the hole injection layer, and the structure of the hole injection layer to be formed.

When the hole transport region includes a hole transport layer, the hole transport layer may be formed on the first electrode 110 or on the hole injection layer by various methods, such as, for example, vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, a LB method, ink-jet printing, laser-printing, or laser-induced thermal imaging. When the hole transport layer is formed by vacuum deposition or spin coating, deposition and coating conditions for the hole transport layer may be similar to the deposition and coating conditions for the hole injection layer.

The hole transport region may include at least one selected from m-MTDATA, TDATA, 2-TNATA, NPB, β-NPB, TPD, Spiro-TPD, Spiro-NPB, methylated-NPB, TAPC, HMTPD, 4,4′,4″-tris(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine (TCTA), polyaniline/dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (Pani/DBSA), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS), polyaniline/camphor sulfonicacid (Pani/CSA), (polyaniline)/poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PANI/PSS), a compound represented by Formula 201, and a compound represented by Formula 202:

In Formulae 201 and 202,

L₂₀₁ to L₂₀₅ are each independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C_(1D) heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ heteroarylene group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,

at least one substituent of the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, the substituted C₂-C₆₀ heteroarylene group, and the substituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group is selected from

a deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl, a cyano, a nitro, an amino, an amidino, a hydrazine, a hydrazone, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy;

a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, —N(Q₂₀₁)(Q₂₀₂), —Si(Q₂₀₃)(Q₂₀₄)(Q₂₀₅), and —B(Q₂₀₆)(Q₂₀₇);

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group;

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio, a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, —N(Q₂₁₁)(Q₂₁₂), —Si(Q₂₁₃)(Q₂₁₄)(Q₂₁₅), and —B(Q₂₁₆)(Q₂₁₇); and

—N(Q₂₂₁)(Q₂₂₂), —Si(Q₂₂₃)(Q₂₂₄)(Q₂₂₅), and —B(Q₂₂₆)(Q₂₂₇); and

xa1 to xa4 are each independently selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3;

xa5 are selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5; and

R₂₀₁ to R₂₀₄ are each independently selected from

a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C—C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, —N(Q₂₃₁)(Q₂₃₂), —Si(Q₂₃₃)(Q₂₃₄)(Q₂₃₅), and —B(Q₂₃₆)(Q₂₃₇);

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group;

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, —N(Q₂₄₁)(Q₂₄₂), —Si(Q₂₄₃)(Q₂₄₄)(Q₂₄₅), and —B(Q₂₄₆)(Q₂₄₇); and

Q₂₀₁ to Q₂₀₇, Q₂₁₁ to Q₂₁₇, Q₂₂₁ to Q₂₂₇, Q₂₃₁ to Q₂₃₇, and Q₂₄₁ to Q₂₄₇ are each independently selected from

a hydrogen, a deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, and a non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group;

a C₃-C₁₀₁ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group; and

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C—C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group.

In one embodiment, in Formulae 201 and 202,

L₂₀₁ to L₂₀₅ may be each independently selected from

a phenylene, a naphthylene, a fluorenylene, a spiro-fluorenylene, a benzofluorenylene, a dibenzofluorenylene, a phenanthrenylene, an anthracenylene, a pyrenylene, a chrysenylene, a pyridinylene, a pyrazinylene, a pyrimidinylene, a pyridazinylene, a quinolinylene, an isoquinolinylene, a quinoxalinylene, a quinazolinylene, a carbazolylene, and a triazinylene; and

a phenylene, a naphthylene, a fluorenylene, a spiro-fluorenylene, a benzofluorenylene, a dibenzofiuorenylene, a phenanthrenylene, an anthracenylene, a pyrenylene, a chrysenylene, a pyridinylene, a pyrazinylene, a pyrimidinylene, a pyridazinylene, a quinolinylene, an isoquinolinylene, a quinoxalinylene, a quinazolinylene, a carbazolylene, and a triazinylene, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group;

xa1 to xa4 may be each independently 0, 1, or 2;

xa5 may be 1, 2, or 3;

R₂₀₁ to R₂₀₄ may be each independently selected from

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group; and

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

The compound represented by Formula 201 may be represented by Formula 201A:

In one embodiment, the compound represented by Formula 201 may be represented by Formula 201A-1, but is not limited thereto:

The compound represented by Formula 202 may be represented by Formula 202A, but is not limited thereto:

L₂₀₁ to L₂₀₃, xa1 to xa3, xa5, and R₂₀₂ to R₂₀₄ in Formulae 201A, 201A-1, and 202A are as described above, R₂₁₁ and R₂₁₂ may be each independently described as any one of R₂₀₂ to R₂₀₄, and R₂₁₃ to R₂₁₆ may be each independently selected from a hydrogen, a deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group.

In one embodiment, in Formulae 201A, 201A-1, and 202A,

L₂₀₁ to L₂₀₃ may be each independently selected from

a phenylene, a naphthylene, a fluorenylene, a spiro-fluorenylene, a benzofluorenylene, a dibenzofluorenylene, a phenanthrenylene, an anthracenylene, a pyrenylene, a chrysenylene, a pyridinylene, a pyrazinylene, a pyrimidinylene, a pyridazinylene, a quinorinylene, an isoquinolinylene, a quinoxalinylene, a quinazolinylene, a carbazolylene, and a triazinylene; and

a phenylene, a naphthylene, a fluorenylene, a spiro-fluorenylene, a benzofluorenylene, a dibenzofluorenylene, a phenanthrenylene, an anthracenylene, a pyrenylene, a chrysenylene, a pyridinylene, a pyrazinylene, a pyrimidinylene, a pyridazinylene, a quinolinylene, an isoquinolinylene, a quinoxalinylene, a quinazolinylene, a carbazolylene, and a triazinylene, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group;

xa1 to xa3 may be each independently 0 or 1;

R₂₀₃, R₂₁₁, and R₂₁₂ may be each independently selected from

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group; and

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group;

R₂₁₃ and R₂₁₄ may be each independently selected from

a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group;

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group; and

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group; and

R₂₁₅ and R₂₁₆ may be each independently selected from

a hydrogen, a deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, phosphoric acid or a salt thereof,

a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group;

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, and a triazinyl group; and

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group; and

xa5 is 1 or 2.

In one embodiment, R₂₁₃ and R₂₁₄ in Formulae 201A, and 201A-1 may bind to each other to form a saturated or unsaturated ring.

The compound represented by Formula 201, and the compound represented by Formula 202 may each include compounds HT1 to HT20 illustrated below, but are not limited thereto.

A thickness of the hole transport region may be about 100 Å to about 10,000 Å, for example, about 100 Å to about 1000 Å. When the hole transport region includes both a hole injection layer and a hole transport layer, a thickness of the hole injection layer may be about 100 Å to about 10000 Å (e.g. 9,950 Å), for example, about 100 Å to about 1000 Å, and a thickness of the hole transport layer may be about 50 Å to about 2000 Å, for example, about 100 Å to about 1500 Å. When the thicknesses of the hole transport region, the hole injection layer, and the hole transport layer are within any of these ranges, satisfactory hole transporting characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

The hole transport region may further include, in addition to the materials described above, a charge-generation material for the improvement of conductive properties. The charge-generation material may be homogeneously or non-homogeneously dispersed in the hole transport region.

The charge-generation material may be, for example, a p-dopant. The p-dopant may be one of a quinone derivative, a metal oxide, and a cyano group-containing compound, but is not limited thereto. Non-limiting examples of the p-dopant include a quinone derivative, such as tetracyanoquinonedimethane (TCNQ) or 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-tetracyano-1,4-benzoquinonedimethane (F4-TCNQ); a metal oxide, such as a tungsten oxide or a molybdenum oxide, and Compound HT-D1 illustrated below.

The hole transport region may further include, in addition to the hole injection layer and the hole transport layer, at least one of a buffer layer and an electron blocking layer. Since the buffer layer may compensate for an optical resonance distance according to a wavelength of light emitted from the emission layer, light-emission efficiency of the resulting organic light-emitting device may be improved. Any of the materials that are included in the hole transport region may be utilized as a buffer layer material. In one embodiment, the electron blocking layer prevents (or reduces) the injection of electrons from the electron transport region.

An emission layer may be formed on the first electrode 110 or on the hole transport region by various methods, such as, for example, vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, a LB method, ink-jet printing, laser-printing, or laser-induced thermal imaging. When the emission layer is formed by vacuum deposition or spin coating, deposition and coating conditions for the emission layer may be similar to the deposition and coating conditions for the hole injection layer.

When the organic light-emitting device 10 is a full color organic light-emitting device, the emission layer may be patterned into a red emission layer, a green emission layer, or a blue emission layer, to correspond to individual sub pixels, respectively. In some embodiments, the emission layer may emit white light and may have a stacked structure in which the red emission layer, the green emission layer, and the blue emission layer are stacked upon one another, or a structure in which a red-light emission material, a green-light emission material, and a blue-light emission material are mixed with each other in a single layer. According to another embodiment, the emission layer may be a white emission layer, and may further include a color converting layer or a color filter to turn white light into a light of a desired color.

The emission layer may include a host.

Specifically, the emission layer may include a first host represented by Formula I and a second host represented by Formula 2: Formula 1

Y₁₁ in Formula 1 is selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group;

at least one substituent of the substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, substituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group may be selected from

a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, and —Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃);

a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group;

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group; and

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group;

Q₁ to Q₃ are each independently selected from a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group.

In one embodiment, Y₁₁ in Formula 1 may be selected from a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a fluorenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, and a dibenzocarbazolyl group;

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a fluorenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, and a dibenzocarbazolyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, and a dibenzocarbazolyl group; and

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a fluorenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, and a dibenzocarbazolyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, and a dibenzocarbazolyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluorenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group and an indolyl group, but is not limited thereto.

In some embodiments, Y₁₁ in Formula 1 may be selected from

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, and a triazinyl group;

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, and a triazinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluorenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, and an indolyl group; and

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group and a triazinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluorenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, and an indolyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluorenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group and an indolyl group, but is not limited thereto.

In some embodiments, Y₁₁ in Formula 1 may be selected from a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an indolyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, and a triazinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, and an indolyl group; and

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an indolyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group and a triazinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, and an indolyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, and an indolyl group, but is not limited thereto.

In some embodiments, Y₁₁ in Formula 1 may be selected from Formulae 5-1 to 5-34, but Y₁₁ is not limited thereto:

In Formulae 5-1 to 5-34, * indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom.

Y₁₂ in Formula I is selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group;

at least one substituent of the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, substituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group may be selected from

a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, and —Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃);

a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₁₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group;

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group; and

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group;

Q₁ to Q₃ are each independently selected from a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group.

In one embodiment, Y₁₂ in Formula 1 may be selected from a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an iso-propyl group, an n-butyl group, an iso-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an n-hexyl group, an n-heptyl group, an n-octyl group, a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, and a dibenzocarbazolyl group; and

a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an iso-propyl group, an n-butyl group, an iso-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an n-hexyl group, an n-heptyl group, an n-octyl group, a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyi group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyi group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group and a dibenzocarbazolyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, and a dibenzocarbazolyl group, but is not limited thereto.

In some embodiments, Y₁₂ in Formula I may be selected from a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an iso-propyl group, an n-butyl group, an iso-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an n-hexyl group, an n-heptyl group, an n-octyl group, a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, and a dibenzocarbazolyl group; and

a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an iso-propyl group, an n-butyl group, an iso-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyr group, an n-pentyl group, an n-hexyl group, an n-heptyl group, an n-octyl group, a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group and a dibenzocarbazolyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexaceny group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, and a dibenzocarbazolyl group, but is not limited thereto.

In some embodiments, Y₁₂ in Formula 1 may be selected from

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group; and

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group and a chrysenyl group, but is not limited thereto.

In some embodiments, Y₁₂ in Formula 1 may be selected from a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group; and

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group, but is not limited thereto.

In some embodiments, Y₁₂ in Formula 1 may be any one selected from Formulae 5-1 to 5-20 and 5-35 to 5-40, but is not limited thereto:

In Formulae 5-1 to 5-20 and 5-35 to 5-40:

* indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom.

L₂ in Formula 2 may be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group;

at least one substituent of the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, the substituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, the substituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group, the substituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and the substituted divalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group is selected from

a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, and —Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃);

a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group;

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group; and

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group;

Q₁ to Q₃ are each independently selected from a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group.

In one embodiment, L₂ in Formula 2 may be selected from a phenylene group, a pentalenylene group, an indenylene group, a naphthylene group, an azulenylene group, a heptalenylene group, an indacenylene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a spiro-fluorenylene group, an benzofluorenylene group, a dibenzofluorenylene group, a phenalenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, an triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, a naphthacenylene group, a picenylene group, a perylenylene group, a pentaphenylene group, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, a rubicenylene group, a coronenylene group, an ovalenylene group, a pyrrolylene group, a thiophenylene group, a furanylene group, an imidazolylene group, a pyrazolylene group, a thiazolylene group, an isothiazolylene group, an oxazolylene group, an isoxazolylene group, a pyridinylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, a pyridazinylene group, an isoindolylene group, an indolylene group, an indazolylene group, a purinylene group, a quinolinylene group, an isoquinolinylene group, a benzoquinolinylene group, a phthalazinylene group, a naphthyridinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, a quinazolinylene group, a cinnolinylene group, a carbazolylene group, a phenanthridinylene group, an acridinylene group, a phenanthrolinylene group, a phenazinylene group, a benzoimidazolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylene group, an isobenzothiazolylene group, a benzoxazolylene group, an isobenzoxazolylene group, a triazolylene group, a tetrazolylene group, an oxadiazolylene group, a triazinylene group, a dibenzofuranylene group, a dibenzothiophenylene group, a benzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzocarbazolylene group, a thiadiazolylene group, and an imidazopyridinylene group; and

a phenylene group, a pentalenylene group, an indenylene group, a naphthylene group, an azulenylene group, a heptalenylene group, an indacenylene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a spiro-fluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, a dibenzofluorenylene group, a phenalenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, a naphthacenylene group, a picenylene group, a perylenylene group, a pentaphenylene group, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, a rubicenylene group, a coronenylene group, an ovalenylene group, a pyrrolylene group, a thiophenylene group, a furanylene group, an imidazolylene group, a pyrazolylene group, a thiazolylene group, an isothiazolylene group, an oxazolylene group, an isoxazolylene group, a pyridinylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, a pyridazinylene group, an isoindolylene group, an indolylene group, an indazolylene group, a purinylene group, a quinolinylene group, an isoquinolinylene group, a benzoquinolinylene group, a phthalazinylene group, a naphthyridinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, a quinazolinylene group, a cinnolinylene group, a carbazolylene group, a phenanthridinylene group, an acridinylene group, a phenanthrolinylene group, a phenazinylene group, a benzoimidazolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylene group, an isobenzothiazolylene group, a benzoxazolylene group, an isobenzoxazolylene group, a triazolylene group, tetrazolylene group, an oxadiazolylene group, a triazinylene group, a dibenzofuranylene group, a dibenzothiophenylene group, a benzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzocarbazolylene group, a thiadiazolylene group, and an imidazopyridinylene group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, and an imidazopyridinyl group, but is not limited thereto.

In some embodiments, L₂ in Formula 2 may be selected from a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a spiro-fluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, a dibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, and a chrysenylene group; and

a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a spiro-fluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, a dibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, and a chrysenylene group, each substituted with at least one selected from a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a thiophenyl group, and a furanyl group, but is not limited thereto.

In some embodiments, L₂ in Formula 2 may be a compound selected from any one of Formulae 3-1 to 3-8, but is not limited thereto:

In Formulae 3-1 to 3-8,

Z₁ and Z₂ may be each independently selected from a hydrogen, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a thiophenyl group, and a furanyl group,

d1 may be selected from 1, 2, 3, and 4;

d2 may be selected from 1, 2, and 3;

d3 may be selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6;

d4 may be selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8;

d6 may be selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5; and

* and *′ may each independently indicate a binding site to a neighboring atom.

In some embodiments, L₂ in Formula 2 may be selected from Formulae 4-1 to 4-8, but is not limited thereto:

In Formulae 4-1 to 4-8,

* and *′ each independently indicate a binding site to a neighboring atom.

b2 in Formula 2 indicates the number of L₂, and b2 may be selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. When b2 is an integer of 2 or more, a plurality of L₂ may be identical to or different from each other. For example, b2 may be selected from 1 and 2, but is not limited thereto.

R₂₁ and R₂₂ in Formula 2 are each independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group;

at least one substituent of the substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, substituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group may be selected from

a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, and —Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃);

a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group;

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group; and

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group;

Q₁ to Q₃ are each independently selected from a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group.

In one embodiment, R₂₁ and R₂₂ in Formula 2 may be each independently selected from a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, and an imidazopyridinyl group; and

a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, and an imidazopyridinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, but they are not limited thereto.

In some embodiments, R₂₁ and R₂₂ in Formula 2 may be each independently selected from a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group and a dibenzocarbazolyl group; and

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, and a dibenzocarbazolyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a cyano group, a nitro group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group and a dibenzocarbazolyl group, but R₂₁ and R₂₂ are not limited thereto.

In some embodiments, R₂₁ and R₂₂ in Formula 2 may be selected from a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group; and

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a cyano group, a nitro group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, and a dibenzocarbazolyl group, but R₂₁ and R₂₂ are not limited thereto.

In some embodiments, R₂₁ and R₂₂ in Formula 2 may be each independently selected from Formulae 5-1 to 5-20 and 5-35 to 5-40 (e.g. selected from Formulae 5-1, 5-20, 5-35, and 5-40), but are not limited thereto:

In Formulae 5-1 to 5-20 and 5-35 to 5-40:

* indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom.

R₁₁ to R₁₄, R₂₃, and R₂₄ in Formulae 1 and 2 are each independently selected from a hydrogen, a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group;

at least one substituent of the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, substituted C₃—C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, substituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group may be selected from

a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, and —Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃);

a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group;

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group; and

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group;

Q₁ to Q₃ are each independently selected from a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group.

In one embodiment, R₁₁ to R₁₄, R₂₃, and R₂₄ in Formulae 1 and 2 may be each independently selected from a hydrogen, a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, and a compound selected from Formulae 5-1 to 5-20 and 5-35 to 5-40, but are not limited thereto:

In Formulae 5-1 to 5-20 and 5-35 to 5-40:

* indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom.

In some embodiments, R₁₁ to R₁₄, R₂₃, and R₂₄ in Formulae 1 and 2 may be each independently selected from

a hydrogen, a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, and a phenyl group, but are not limited thereto.

a11 in Formula 1 indicates the number of R₁₁, and a11 may be selected from 1, 2, 3, and 4. When a11 is an integer of 2 or more, a plurality of R₁₁ may be identical to or different from each other.

a12 in Formula 1 indicates the number of R₁₂, and a12 may be selected from 1, 2, and 3. When a12 is an integer of 2 or more, a plurality of R₁₂ may be identical to or different from each other.

a13 in Formula 1 indicates the number of R₁₃, and a13 may be selected from 1, 2, and 3. When a13 is an integer of 2 or more, a plurality of R₁₃ may be identical to or different from each other.

a14 in Formula 1 indicates the number of R₁₄, and a14 may be selected from 1, 2, 3, and 4. When a14 is an integer of 2 or more, a plurality of R₁₄ may be identical to or different from each other.

a23 in Formula 2 indicates the number of R₂₃, and a23 may be selected from 1, 2, 3, and 4. When a23 is an integer of 2 or more, a plurality of R₂₃ may be identical to or different from each other.

a24 in Formula 2 indicates the number of R₂₄, and a24 may be selected from 1, 2, 3, and 4. When a24 is an integer of 2 or more, a plurality of R₂₄ may be identical to or different from each other.

According to one embodiment, the first host may be represented by Formula 1A and the second host may be represented by Formula 2A, but the first and second hosts are not limited thereto:

In Formulae 1A and 2A,

Y₁₁, Y₁₂, L₂, b2, R₂₁, and R₂₂ may be as described above.

In another embodiment, the first host may be represented by Formula 1A and the second host may be represented by Formula 2A:

wherein in Formulae 1A and 2A,

Y₁₁ may be selected from a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an indolyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, and a triazinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group and an indolyl group; and

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an indolyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group and a triazinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, and an indolyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, and an indolyl group.

Y₁₂ may be selected from a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group; and

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group.

L₂ may be selected from Formulae 4-1 to 4-8;

In Formulae 4-1 to 4-8,

* and *′ each independently indicate a binding site to a neighboring atom.

b2 may be selected from 1 and 2;

R₂₁ and R₂₂ may be each independently selected from Formulae 5-1 to 5-20 and 5-35 to 5-40;

in Formulae 5-1 to 5-20 and 5-35 to 5-40:

* indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom.

In another embodiment, the first host may be represented by Formula 1A and the second host may be represented by Formula 2A:

wherein in Formulae 1A and 2A,

Y₁₁ is selected from Formulae 5-1 to 5-34;

In Formulae 5-1 to 5-34,

* indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom.

In one embodiment, Y₁₂ is a compound represented by any one of Formula 5-1 to 5-20 and 5-35 to 5-40;

In Formulae 5-1 to 5-20 and 5-35 to 5-40:

* indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom.

L₂ may be selected from Formulae 4-1 to 4-8;

In Formulae 4-1 to 4-8,

* and *′ each independently indicate a binding site to a neighboring atom.

b2 may be selected from 1 and 2;

R₂₁ and R₂₂ may be each independently selected from Formulae 5-1 to 5-20 and 5-35 to 5-40;

In Formulae 5-1 to 5-20 and 5-35 to 5-40:

* indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom.

in some embodiments, the first host may be selected from Compounds 101 to 121, and the second host may be selected from Compounds 201 to 209, but the first and second hosts are not limited thereto:

In one embodiment, a molecular weight M₁ of the first host and a molecular weight M₂ of the second host may satisfy Equation 1 below. When M₁ and M₂ satisfy Equation 1, a deposition ratio of the first host and the second host may easily be controlled, even when the first host and the second host are mixed and the mixture is deposited as a single source.

|M ₁ −M ₂|≦30  Equation 1

A ratio of an amount of the first host represented by Formula 1 to an amount of the second host represented by Formula 2 may be in a range of 1:99 to 99:1.

For example, the ratio of the amount of the first host represented by Formula 1 to the amount of the second host represented by Formula 2 may be in a range of 1:90 to 90:10, but the ratio is not limited thereto.

When the first host and the second host are both included at the same time, in contrast to when the first host is included alone, high efficiency and a long lifespan may be obtained.

In addition, when only the second host is included in the emission layer or the ratio of the second host to the first host is too high, energy balance may be decreased. Accordingly, the efficiency and lifespan characteristics may decrease.

The emission layer may include a dopant. The dopant may be selected from a fluorescent dopant dopant and a phosphorescent dopant.

The phosphorescent dopant may be selected from organometallic complexes represented by Formula 401, but is not limited thereto:

In Formula 401,

M may be selected from iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), osmium (Os), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), europium (Eu), terbium (Tb), and thulium (TM);

X₄₀₁ to X₄₀₄ may be each independently a nitrogen atom or a carbon atom;

A₄₀₁ and A₄₀₂ rings may be each independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted benzene group, a substituted or unsubstituted naphthalene group, a substituted or unsubstituted fluorene group, a substituted or unsubstituted spiro-fluorene group, a substituted or unsubstituted indene group, a substituted or unsubstituted pyrrol group, a substituted or unsubstituted thiophene group, a substituted or unsubstituted furan group, a substituted or unsubstituted imidazole group, a substituted or unsubstituted pyrazole group, a substituted or unsubstituted thiazole group, a substituted or unsubstituted isothiazole group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxazole group, a substituted or unsubstituted isoxazole group, a substituted or unsubstituted pyridine group, a substituted or unsubstituted pyrazine group, a substituted or unsubstituted pyrimidine group, a substituted or unsubstituted pyridazine group, a substituted or unsubstituted quinoline group, a substituted or unsubstituted isoquinoline group, a substituted or unsubstituted benzoquinoline group, a substituted or unsubstituted quinoxaline group, a substituted or unsubstituted quinazoline group, a substituted or unsubstituted carbazole group, a substituted or unsubstituted benzoimidazole group, a substituted or unsubstituted benzofuran group, a substituted or unsubstituted benzothiophene group, a substituted or unsubstituted isobenzothiophene group, a substituted or unsubstituted benzoxazole group, a substituted or unsubstituted isobenzoxazole group, a substituted or unsubstituted triazole group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxadiazole group, a substituted or unsubstituted triazine group, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzofuran group, and a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzothiophene group;

at least one substituent of the substituted benzene group, substituted naphthalene group, substituted fluorene group, substituted spiro-fluorene group, substituted indene group, substituted pyrrol group, substituted thiophene group, substituted furan group, substituted imidazole group, substituted pyrazole group, substituted thiazole group, substituted isothiazole group, substituted oxazole group, substituted isoxazole group, substituted pyridine group, substituted pyrazine group, substituted pyrimidine group, substituted pyridazine group, substituted quinoline group, substituted isoquinoline group, substituted benzoquinoline group, substituted quinoxaline group, substituted quinazoline group, substituted carbazole group, substituted benzoimidazole group, substituted benzofuran group, substituted benzothiophene group, substituted isobenzothiophene group, substituted benzoxazole group, substituted isobenzoxazole group, substituted triazole group, substituted oxadiazole group, substituted triazine group, substituted dibenzofuran group, and substituted dibenzothiophene group may be selected from

a deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl, a cyano, a nitro, an amino, an amidino, a hydrazine, a hydrazone, carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy;

a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group, —N(Q₄₀₁)(Q₄₀₂), —Si(Q₄₀₃)(Q₄₀₄)(Q₄₀₅), and —B(Q₄₀₆)(Q₄₀₇);

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group;

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio, a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, —N(Q₄₁₁)(Q₄₁₂), —Si(Q₄₁₃)(Q₄₁₄)(Q₄₁₅), and —B(Q₄₁₆)(Q₄₁₇); and

—N(Q₄₂₁)(Q₄₂₂), —Si(Q₄₂₃)(Q₄₂₄)(Q₄₂₅), and —B(Q₄₂₆)(Q₄₂₇), where Q₄₀₁ to Q₄₀₇, Q₄₁₁ to Q₄₁₇, and Q₄₂₁ to Q₄₂₇ are defined as Q₂₀₁ to Q₂₀₇, Q₂₁₁ to Q₂₁₇, Q₂₂₁ to Q₂₂₇, Q₂₃₁ to Q₂₃₇, and Q₂₄₁ to Q₂₄₇ above; and

L₄₀₁ is an organic ligand;

xc1 is 1, 2, or 3; and

xc2 is 0, 1, 2, or 3.

L₄₀₁ may be a monovalent, divalent, or trivalent organic ligand. For example, L₄₀₁ may be selected from a halogen ligand (for example, Cl or F), a diketone ligand (for example, acetylacetonate, 1,3-diphenyl-1,3-propandionate, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionate, or hexafluoroacetonate), a carboxylic acid ligand (for example, picolinate, dimethyl-3-pyrazolecarboxylate, or benzoate), a carbon monoxide ligand, an isonitrile ligand, a cyano ligand, and a phosphorous ligand (for example, phosphine and phosphate), but is not limited thereto.

When A₄₀₁ in Formula 401 has two or more substituents, the two or more substituents of A₄₀₂ may bind to each other to form a saturated or unsaturated ring.

When A₄₀₂ in Formula 401 has two or more substituents, the two or more substituents of A₄₀₂ may bind to each other to form a saturated or unsaturated ring.

When xc1 in Formula 401 is two or more, a plurality of ligands in Formula 401 may be identical to or different from each other. When xc1 in Formula 401 is two or more, A₄₀₁ and A₄₀₂ of one ligand may be connected to A₄₀₁ and A₄₀₂ of a neighboring ligand, either directly (for example, via a single bond) or via a linking group (for example, a C₁-C₅ alkylene, or —N(R′)— (wherein R′ may be a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group or a C₆-C₂₀ aryl group) or —C(═O)—).

In some embodiments, M in Formula 401 may be selected from iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), and osmium (Os), but is not limited thereto.

In some embodiments, the phosphorescent dopant may be selected from Compounds PD1 to PD75, but is not limited thereto:

In one embodiment, the fluorescent dopant may include at least one selected from DPAVBi, BDAVBi, TBPe, DCM, DCJTB, Coumarin 6 and C545T.

According to another embodiment, the fluorescent dopant may include a compound represented by Formula 501.

In Formula 501,

Ar₅₀₁ may be selected from

a naphthalene, a heptalene, a fluorene, a spiro-fluorene, a benzofluorene, a dibenzofluorene, a phenalene, a phenanthrene, an anthracene, a fluoranthene, a triphenylene, a pyrene, a chrysene, a naphthacene, a picene, a perylene, a pentaphene, and an indenoanthracene; and

a naphthalene, a heptalene, a fluorene, a spiro-fluorene, a benzofluorene, a dibenzofluorene, a phenalene, a phenanthrene, an anthracene, a fluoranthene, a triphenylene, a pyrene, a chrysene, a naphthacene, a picene, a perylene, a pentaphene, and an indenoanthracene, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and —Si(Q₅₀₁)(Q₅₀₂)(Q₅₀₃) (where Q₅₀₁ to Q₅₀₃ are each independently selected from a hydrogen, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group);

L₅₀₁ to L₅₀₃ may be described as L₂₀₁;

R₅₀₁ and R₅₀₂ may be each independently selected from

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group; and

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group; and

xd1 to xd3 may be each independently selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3; and

xb4 may be selected from 1, 2, 3, and 4.

The fluorescent dopant may include at least one of Compounds FD1 to FD8.

An amount of the dopant in the emission layer may be, about 0.01 to about parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the host, but is not limited thereto.

A thickness of the emission layer may be about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å, for example, about 200 Å to about 600 Å. When the thickness of the emission layer is within any of these ranges, good light-emission characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

An electron transport region may be positioned on the emission layer.

The electron transport region may include at least one selected from a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer (ETL), and an electron injection layer, but is not limited thereto.

In one embodiment, the electron transport region may have a structure of electron transport layer/electron injection layer or a structure of hole blocking layer/electron transport layer/electron injection layer, where the layers of each structure are sequentially stacked on the emission layer in the stated order, but the structure of the electron transport region is not limited thereto.

The electron transport region may include a hole blocking layer. When the emission layer includes a phosphorescent dopant, the hole blocking layer may be formed to prevent (or reduce) the diffusion of excitons or holes into an electron transport layer.

When the electron transport region includes a hole blocking layer, the hole blocking layer may be formed on the emission layer by various methods, such as, for example, vacuum deposition, spin coating casting, a Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) method, ink-jet printing, laser-printing, or laser-induced thermal imaging. When the hole blocking layer is formed by vacuum deposition or spin coating, deposition and coating conditions for the hole blocking layer may be similar to the deposition and coating conditions for the hole injection layer.

The hole blocking layer may include, for example, at least one of BCP and Bphen, but is not limited thereto.

A thickness of the hole blocking layer may be about 20 Å to about 1,000 Å, for example, about 30 Å to about 300 Å. When the thickness of the hole blocking layer is within any of these ranges, the hole blocking layer may have good hole blocking characteristics without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

The electron transport region may include an electron transport layer. The electron transport layer may be formed on the emission layer or on the hole blocking layer by various methods, such as, for example, vacuum deposition, spin coating casting, a LB method, ink-jet printing, laser-printing, or laser-induced thermal imaging. When an electron transport layer is formed by vacuum deposition or spin coating, deposition and coating conditions for the electron transport layer may be similar to the deposition and coating conditions for the hole injection layer.

The electron transport layer may further include at least one selected from BCP, Bphen, Alq₃, Balq, TAZ, and NTAZ.

In some embodiments, the electron transport layer may further include at least one of compounds represented by Formula 601:

Ar₆₀₁-[(L₆₀₁)_(xe1)-E₆₀₁]_(xe2)  Formula 601

In Formula 601,

Ar₆₀₁ may be selected from a naphthalene, a heptalene, a fluorene, a spiro-fluorene, a benzofluorene, a dibenzofluorene, a phenalene, a phenanthrene, an anthracene, a fluoranthene, a triphenylene, a pyrene, a chrysene, a naphthacene, a picene, a perylene, a pentaphene, and an indenoanthracene;

a naphthalene, a heptalene, a fluorene, a spiro-fluorene, a benzofluorene, a dibenzofluorene, a phenalene, a phenanthrene, an anthracene, a fluoranthene, a triphenylene, a pyrene, a chrysene, a naphthacene, a picene, a perylene, a pentaphene, and an indenoanthracene, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and —Si(Q₃₀₁)(Q₃₀₂)(Q₃₀₃) (where Q₃₀₁ to Q₃₀₃ are each independently selected from a hydrogen, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group);

L₆₀₁ may be described as L₂₀₁;

E₆₀₁ may be selected from a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, and a dibenzocarbazolyl group; and

a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, and a dibenzocarbazolyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluorantenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a pycenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group;

xe1 may be selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3; and

xe2 may be selected from 1, 2, 3, and 4.

According to another embodiment, the electron transport layer may further include at least one of compounds represented by Formula 602:

In Formula 602,

X₆₁₁ is N or C-(L₆₁₁)_(xe611)-R₆₁₁, X₆₁₂ is N or C-(L₆₁₂)_(xe612)-R₆₁₂, X₆₁₃ is N or C-(L₆₁₃)_(xe613)-R₆₁₃, and at least one of X₆₁₁ to X₆₁₃ is N;

L₆₁₁ to L₆₁₆ may be described as L₂₀₁;

R₆₁₁ to R₆₁₆ may be each independently selected from

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group; and

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group; and

xe611 to xe616 may be each independently selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3.

The compound represented by Formula 601 and the compound represented by Formula 602 may each independently include at least one of Compounds ETI to ET15 illustrated below.

A thickness of the electron transport layer may be about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å, for example, about 150 Å to about 500 Å. When the thickness of the electron transport layer is within any of these ranges, the electron transport layer may have satisfactory electron transport characteristics without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

The electron transport layer may further include, in addition to the materials described above, a metal-containing material.

The metal-containing material may include a Li complex. The Li complex may include, for example, Compound ET-D1 (lithium quinolate, LiQ) or ET-D2.

The electron transport region may include an electron injection layer that allows electrons to be easily provided (or injected) from the second electrode 190.

The electron injection layer may be formed on the electron transport layer by various methods, such as, for example, vacuum deposition, spin coating casting, a LB method, ink-jet printing, laser-printing, or laser-induced thermal imaging. When the electron injection layer is formed by vacuum deposition or spin coating, deposition and coating conditions for the electron injection layer may be similar to the deposition and coating conditions for the hole injection layer.

The electron injection layer may include at least one selected from LiF, NaCl, CsF, Li₂O, BaO, and LiQ.

A thickness of the electron injection layer may be about 1 Å to about 100 Å, for example, about 3 Å to about 90 Å. When the thickness of the electron injection layer is within any of these ranges, the electron injection layer may have satisfactory electron injection characteristics without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

In one embodiment, the second electrode 190 is positioned on the organic layer 150 having the structure according to embodiments of the present invention. The second electrode 190 may be a cathode (which is an electron injection electrode), and a material for the second electrode 190 may be a metal, an alloy, an electrically conductive compound, and/or a mixture thereof, which all have a relatively low work function. Non-limiting examples of the second electrode 190 include lithium (Li), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al—Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg—In), and magnesium-silver (Mg—Ag). According to another embodiment, the material for forming the second electrode 190 may be ITO or IZO. The second electrode 190 may be a reflective electrode, a semi-transmissive electrode, or a transmissive electrode.

Hereinbefore, the organic light-emitting device has been described with reference to FIG. 1, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

A C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group as used herein refers to a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon monovalent group having 1 to 60 carbon atoms in the main chain, and non-limiting examples thereof include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a ter-butyl group, pentyl group, an iso-amyl group, and a hexyl group. A C₁-C₆₀ alkylene group as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group.

A C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group as used herein refers to a monovalent group represented by —OA₁₀₁ (where A₁₀₁ is the C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group), and non-limiting examples of the C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, and an isopropyloxy group.

A C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group as used herein refers to a hydrocarbon group having at least one carbon-carbon double bond at one or more positions along a carbon chain of the C₂-C₆₀ alkyl group. For example, the C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group may include a terminal alkene and/or an internal alkene, and non-limiting examples thereof include an ethenyl group, a prophenyl group, and a butenyl group. A C₂-C₆₀ alkenylene group as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group.

A C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group as used herein refers to a hydrocarbon group having at least one carbon-carbon triple bond at one or more positions along a carbon chain of the C₂-C₆₀ alkyl group. For example, the C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group may include a terminal alkyne and/or an internal alkyne, and non-limiting examples thereof include an ethynyl group and a propynyl group. A C₂-C₆₀ alkynylene group as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group.

A C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group as used herein refers to a monovalent hydrocarbon monocyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms as ring-forming atoms, and non-limiting examples thereof include a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and a cycloheptyl group. A C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group.

A C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group (e.g. a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group) used herein refers to a monovalent monocyclic group having at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, P, and S as a ring-forming atom and 1 to 10 carbon atoms (e.g. 3 to 10 carbon atoms) as the remaining ring-forming atoms, and non-limiting examples of the C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group include a tetrahydrofuranyl group and a tetrahydrothiophenyl group. A C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group (e.g. a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group) as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group (e.g. the C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group).

A C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group as used herein refers to a monovalent monocyclic group that has 3 to 10 carbon atoms as ring-forming atoms and at least one double bond in the ring, and does not have aromaticity. Non-limiting examples of the C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group include a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, and a cycloheptenyl group. A C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group.

A C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group (e.g. a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group) as used herein refers to a monovalent monocyclic group that has at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, P, and S as a ring-forming atom, 1 to 10 carbon atoms (e.g. 3 to 10 carbon atoms) as the remaining ring-forming atoms, and at least one double bond in the ring. Non-limiting examples of the C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group include a 2,3-hydrofuranyl group and a 2,3-hydrothiophenyl group. A C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group (e.g. a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group) as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group (e.g. the C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group).

A C₆-C₆₀ aryl group as used herein refers to a monovalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms as ring-forming atoms, and a C₆-C₆₀ arylene group as used herein refers to a divalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms as ring-forming atoms. Non-limiting examples of the C₆-C₆ aryl group include a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group. When the C₆-C₆ aryl group and/or the C₆-C₆ arylene group include two or more rings, the rings may be fused to each other.

A C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group (e.g. a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group) as used herein refers to a monovalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system that has at least one hetero atom selected from N, O, P, and S as a ring-forming atom, and 1 to 60 carbon atoms (e.g. 2 to 60 carbon atoms) as the remaining ring-forming atoms. A C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group (e.g. a C₂-C₆₀ heteroarylene group) as used herein refers to a divalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system that has at least one hetero atom selected from N, O, P, and S as a ring-forming atom, and 1 to 60 carbon atoms (e.g. 2 to 60 carbon atoms) as the remaining ring-forming atoms. Non-limiting examples of the C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group include a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, and an isoquinolinyl group. When the C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group (e.g. the C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group) and/or the C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group (e.g. the C₂-C₆₀ heteroarylene group) include two or more rings, the rings may be fused to each other.

A C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group as used herein refers to a group represented by -OA₁₀₂ (where A₁₀₂ is the C₆-C₆₀ aryl group), and a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group refers to a group represented by -SA₁₀₃ (where A₁₀₃ is the C₆-C₆₀ aryl group).

A monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group as used herein refers to a monovalent group that has two or more rings condensed to each other, only carbon atoms as ring-forming atoms, and the entire molecular structure does not have aromaticity. Non-limiting examples of the monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group include a fluorenyl group. A divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group.

A monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group as used herein refers to a monovalent group that has two or more rings condensed to each other, has at least one heteroatom selected from N, O P, and S as a ring-forming atom, and carbon atoms as the remaining ring-forming atoms, and the entire molecular structure does not have aromaticity. Non-limiting examples of the monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group include a carbazolyl group. A divalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group.

The term “Ph” as used herein refers to phenyl group, the term “Me” as used herein refers to methyl group, the term “Et” as used herein refers to ethyl group, and the term “ter-Bu” or “But” as used herein refers to tert-butyl.

EXAMPLES Example 1

An ITO glass substrate (a product of Corning Co., Ltd) was cut to a size of 50 mm×50 mm×0.5 mm, and then, sonicated with isopropyl alcohol and pure water, each for 10 minutes, and cleaned by exposure to ultraviolet rays for 10 minutes, and then ozone. The resulting ITO substrate, acting as an anode, was then mounted on a vacuum deposition apparatus.

2-TNATA was deposited on the anode to form a hole injection layer having a thickness of 100 Å, and then, NPB was deposited on the hole injection layer to form a hole transport layer having a thickness of 1350 Å, and then, Compound 102 (as host), Compound 203 (as host), and Ir(piq)₃ were co-deposited at a weight ratio of 5:5:0.4 on the hole transport layer to form an emission layer having a thickness of 400 Å.

Alq₃ was then deposited on the emission layer to form an electron transport layer having a thickness of 300 Å. LiF was vacuum deposited on the electron transport layer to form an electron injection layer having a thickness of 10 Å, and then, Al was vacuum deposited on the electron injection layer to form a cathode having a thickness of 1200 Å, thus manufacturing an organic light-emitting device.

Example 2

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured as in Example 1, except that in forming an emission layer, Compound 202 was included instead of Compound 203.

Example 3

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured as in Example 1, except that in forming an emission layer, Compound 101 was included as a host, instead of Compound 102.

Example 4

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured as in Example 1, except that in forming an emission layer, Compound 204 was included instead of Compound 203, and Compound 103 was included instead of Compound 102.

Example 5

An ITO glass substrate (a product of Corning Co., Ltd) was cut to a size of 50 mm×50 mm×0.5 mm, and then, sonicated with isopropyl alcohol and pure water, each for 10 minutes, and cleaned by exposure to ultraviolet rays for 10 minutes, and then ozone. The resulting ITO substrate, acting as an anode, was then mounted on a vacuum deposition apparatus.

2-TNATA was deposited on the anode to form a hole injection layer having a thickness of 100 Å, and then, NPB was deposited on the hole injection layer to form a hole transport layer having a thickness of 1350 Å.

Then, Compound 102 (as host) and Compound 203 (as host) were mixed at a weight ratio of 1:1, and the resulting mixture and Ir(piq)₃ were co-deposited at a weight ratio of 1:0.04 to form an emission layer having a thickness of 400 Å.

Alq₃ then was deposited on the emission layer to form an electron transport layer having a thickness of 300 Å. LiF was vacuum deposited on the electron transport layer to form an electron injection layer having a thickness of 10 Å, and then, Al was vacuum deposited on the electron injection layer to form a cathode having a thickness of 1200 Å, thus manufacturing an organic light-emitting device.

Example 6

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured as in Example 5, except that in forming an emission layer, Compound 202 was included instead of Compound 203.

Example 7

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured as in Example 5, except that in forming an emission layer, Compound 101 was included instead of Compound 102.

Example 8

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured as in Example 5, except that in forming an emission layer, Compound 204 was included instead of Compound 203, and Compound 103 was included instead of Compound 102.

Comparative Example 1

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured as in Example 1, except that in forming an emission layer, Compound 102 alone was included as a host.

Comparative Example 2

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured as in Example 1, except that in forming an emission layer, Compound 203 alone was included as a host.

Evaluation Example 1

Driving voltage, efficiency, and half-life lifetime in 10 mA/cm²) of each of the organic light-emitting devices of Examples 1 to 8 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were evaluated with PR650 SpectraScan Source Measurement Unit (a product of Photo Research, Inc.). T97 indicates the amount of time it took for the brightness to decrease to 97% of the initial brightness. Results are shown in Table 1 below.

TABLE 1 Life- Emission Layer Effi- span Formation ciency (T97, Emission Layer Host Method (cd/A) hr.) Compar- Compound — Single 30 500 ative 102 deposition Example 1 Compar- Compound — Single 2 5 ative 203 deposition Example 2 Example 1 Compound Compound Co-deposition 39.5 620 203 102 Example 2 Compound Compound Co-deposition 36.9 585 202 102 Example 3 Compound Compound Co-deposition 35.9 510 202 101 Example 4 Compound Compound Co-deposition 35.2 570 204 103 Example 5 Compound Compound Deposition 40.8 650 203 102 after mixing Example 6 Compound Compound Deposition 36.2 555 202 102 after mixing Example 7 Compound Compound Deposition 32.7 560 202 101 after mixing Example 8 Compound Compound Deposition 34.0 605 204 103 after mixing

From the results in Table 1, it can be seen that the organic light-emitting devices of Examples 1 to 8 had better efficiency and longer lifespans than the organic light-emitting devices of Comparative Examples 1 and 2.

Evaluation Example 2

Brightness and efficiency of each of the organic light-emitting devices of Examples 1 to 8 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were evaluated with PR650 SpectraScan Source Measurement Unit (a product of Photo Research, Inc.). Results are shown in FIG. 2.

As can be seen in FIG. 2, the organic light-emitting devices of Examples 1 to 8 had improved roll-off phenomenon (efficiency roll-off) compared to that of the organic light-emitting devices of Comparative Examples 1 and 2.

The organic light-emitting device according to one or more embodiments of the present invention may have a low driving voltage, high brightness, high efficiency, and a long lifespan.

It should be understood that the exemplary embodiments described therein should be considered in a descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation. Descriptions of features or aspects within each embodiment should typically be considered as available for other similar features or aspects in other embodiments.

While one or more embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the figures, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the following claims and equivalents thereof. 

What is claimed is:
 1. An organic light-emitting device comprising: a first electrode; a second electrode; and an organic layer between the first and second electrodes and comprising an emission layer, wherein the emission layer comprises a first host represented by Formula 1 and a second host represented by Formula 2:

wherein Y₁₁ is selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group; Y₁₂ is selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group; L₂ is selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group; b2 is selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6; R₂₁ and R₂₂ are each independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group; R₁₁ to R₁₄, R₂₃, and R₂₄ are each independently selected from a hydrogen, a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group; a11, a14, a23, and a24 are each independently selected from 1, 2, 3, and 4; a12 and a13 are each independently selected from 1, 2, and 3; at least one substituent of the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, substituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, substituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, substituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group, substituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, substituted divalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group, substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, substituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group is selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, and —Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃); a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group; a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group; and a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group; and Q₁ to Q₃ are each independently selected from a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group.
 2. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein Y₁₁ in Formula 1 is selected from a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a fluorenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, and a dibenzocarbazolyl group; a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a fluorenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, and a dibenzocarbazolyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, and a dibenzocarbazolyl group; and a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a fluorenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyi group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, and a dibenzocarbazolyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, and a dibenzocarbazolyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluorenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group and an indolyl group.
 3. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein Y₁₁ in Formula 1 is selected from a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an indolyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, and a triazinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group and an indolyl group; and a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an indolyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group and a triazinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, and an indolyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, and an indolyl group.
 4. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein Y₁₁ in Formula 1 is selected from Formulae 5-1 to 5-34:

wherein * indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom.
 5. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein Y₁₂ in Formula 1 is selected from a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an iso-propyl group, an n-butyl group, an iso-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an n-hexyl group, an n-heptyl group, an n-octyl group, a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, and a dibenzocarbazolyl group; and a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an iso-propyl group, an n-butyl group, an iso-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an n-hexyl group, an n-heptyl group, an n-octyl group, a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group and a dibenzocarbazolyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, and a dibenzocarbazolyl group.
 6. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein Y₁₂ in Formula 1 is selected from a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group; and a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group.
 7. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein Y₁₂ in Formula 1 is selected from a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group; and a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group.
 8. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein Y₁₂ in Formula 1 is any one selected from Formulae 5-1 to 5-20 and 5-35 to 5-40:

wherein * indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom.
 9. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein L₂ in Formula 2 is selected from a phenylene group, a pentalenylene group, an indenylene group, a naphthylene group, an azulenylene group, a heptalenylene group, an indacenylene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, an spiro-fluorenylene group, an benzofluorenylene group, a dibenzofluorenylene group, a phenalenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, a naphthacenylene group, a picenylene group, a perylenylene group, a pentaphenylene group, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, a rubicenylene group, a coronenylene group, an ovalenylene group, a pyrrolylene group, a thiophenylene group, a furanylene group, an imidazolylene group, a pyrazolylene group, a thiazolylene group, an isothiazolylene group, an oxazolylene group, an isoxazolylene group, a pyridinylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, a pyridazinylene group, an isoindolylene group, an indolylene group, an indazolylene group, a purinylene group, a quinolinylene group, an isoquinolinylene group, a benzoquinolinylene group, a phthalazinylene group, a naphthyridinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, a quinazolinylene group, a cinnolinylene group, a carbazolylene group, a phenanthridinylene group, an acridinylene group, a phenanthrolinylene group, a phenazinylene group, a benzoimidazolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylene group, an isobenzothiazolylene group, a benzoxazolylene group, an isobenzoxazolylene group, a triazolylene group, a tetrazolylene group, an oxadiazolylene group, a triazinylene group, a dibenzofuranylene group, a dibenzothiophenylene group, a benzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzocarbazolylene group, a thiadiazolylene group, and an imidazopyridinylene group; and a phenylene group, a pentalenylene group, an indenylene group, a naphthylene group, an azulenylene group, a heptalenylene group, an indacenylene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a spiro-fluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, a dibenzofluorenylene group, a phenalenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, a naphthacenylene group, a picenylene group, a perylenylene group, a pentaphenylene group, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, a rubicenylene group, a coronenylene group, an ovalenylene group, a pyrrolylene group, a thiophenylene group, a furanylene group, an imidazolylene group, a pyrazolylene group, a thiazolylene group, an isothiazolylene group, an oxazolylene group, an isoxazolylene group, a pyridinylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, a pyridazinylene group, an isoindolylene group, an indolylene group, an indazolylene group, a furanylene group, a quinolinylene group, an isoquinolinylene group, a benzoquinolinylene group, a phthalazinylene group, a naphthyridinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, a quinazolinylene group, a cinnolinylene group, a carbazolylene group, a phenanthridinylene group, an acridinylene group, a phenanthrolinylene group, a phenazinylene group, a benzoimidazolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylene group, an isobenzothiazolylene group, a benzoxazolylene group, an isobenzoxazolylene group, a triazolylene group, a tetrazolylene group, an oxadiazolylene group, a triazinylene group, a dibenzofuranylene group, a dibenzothiophenylene group, a benzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzocarbazolylene group, a thiadiazolylene group, an imidazopyridinylene group, and an imidazopyrimidinylene group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a pherylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a furanyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, and an imidazopyrimidinyl group.
 10. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein L₂ in Formula 2 is selected from Formulae 3-1 to 3-8:

wherein Z₁ and Z₂ are each independently selected from a hydrogen, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a thiophenyl group, and a furanyl group, d1 is selected from 1, 2, 3, and 4; d2 is selected from 1, 2, and 3; d3 is selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6; d4 is selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8; d6 is selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5; and * and *′ each independently indicate a binding site to a neighboring atom.
 11. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein b2 in Formula 2 is selected from 1 and
 2. 12. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein R₂₁ and R₂₂ in Formula 2 are each independently selected from a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, and an imidazopyridinyl group; and a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, and an imidazopyridinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group.
 13. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein R₂₁ and R₂₂ in Formula 2 are each independently selected from a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group; and a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a cyano group, a nitro group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, and a dibenzocarbazolyl group.
 14. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein R₂₁ and R₂₂ in Formula 2 are each independently selected from Formulae 5-1 to 5-20 and 5-35 to 5-40:

wherein * indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom.
 15. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein R₁₁ to R₁₄, R₂₃, and R₂₄ in Formulae 1 and 2 are each independently selected from a hydrogen, a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, and a compound selected from any one of Formulae 5-1 to 5-20 and 5-35 to 5-40:

wherein * indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom.
 16. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the first host is represented by Formula 1A, and the second host is represented by Formula 2A.


17. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the first host is selected from Compounds 101 to 121, and the second host is selected from Compounds 201 to 209:


18. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein a molecular weight (M₁) of the first host and a molecular weight (M₂) of the second host satisfy Equation 1: |M ₁ −M ₂|≦30  Equation
 1. 19. A method of manufacturing an organic light-emitting device, the method comprising: forming a first electrode; forming an emission layer; and forming a second electrode; wherein the emission layer comprises a first host represented by Formula I and a second host represented by Formula 2:

wherein Y₁₁ is selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group; Y₁₂ is selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group; L₂ is selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group; b2 is selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6; R₂₁ and R₂₂ are each independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group; R₁₁ to R₁₄, R₂₃, and R₂₄ are each independently selected from a hydrogen, a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group; a11, a14, a23, and a24 are each independently selected from 1, 2, 3, and 4; a12 and a13 are each independently selected from 1, 2, and 3; at least one substituent of the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, substituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, substituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, substituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group, substituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, substituted divalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group, substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, substituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group is selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, and —Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃); a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group; a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group; and a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group; and Q₁ to Q₃ are each independently selected from a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed hetero-polycyclic group.
 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the forming of the emission layer is performed by mixing the first host and the second host to produce a mixture, and depositing the mixture. 